Balsa is a soft wood
found in South America which is commonly used for modelling projects as it is
lightweight and easy to work with. Its physical structure and lack of density
mean on its own it is not capable of holding much weight. There are a number of
methods, both chemical and physical, that can be done to strengthen any balsa
structure, be it for a hobby project or school science fair.
Cut out the pieces of balsa wood as per the design, ensuring the pieces are
cut with the grain of the wood as this will improve natural rigidity.
Pour some wood hardening solution into a tray so there is enough to cover the
balsa pieces. This can be purchased from any good hardware store and works a
little like an adhesive resin.
Submerge all of the balsa pieces in the solution. Leave them until there are
no more bubbles coming to the surface, and then remove them with the tongs.
Leave the pieces to dry on wax paper. The solution will harden the balsa by
filling in the gaps in the wood's structure.
Cut out two of every piece of the balsa wood structure using the craft knife.
Make sure all the pieces are cut with the grain of the wood.
Sort out all the pieces into pairs.
Apply some epoxy resin to the back of one piece and attach its mirror image
to it. This will double the thickness of the wood and will improve strength.
Check to see that all the pieces are firmly stuck together and are perfectly
aligned. Leave to dry.
Attach braces to all right angles in the structure. These are small pieces of
balsa wood, which are angles between the two sides of a structure. This
distributes the weight away from the joint so it is under less strain.
Design the structure with arches at its base. Bridges are string structures
because the arch structure underneath distributes weight better than straight
columns.
Distribute the weight evenly. If the model is being tested to destruction as
part of a project, place the weights all the way across the structure instead of
at one point.
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